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新研博美與您有“氟”同享——上千種含氟砌塊任你選
閱讀：354 發(fā)布時(shí)間：2022-8-5氟是電負(fù)性最大的元素，其范德華半徑與氫、氧原子相近，且C-F鍵的鍵能大于C-H鍵鍵能，所以含氟有機(jī)化合物能輕松地代替非氟母體進(jìn)入生物體參與代謝過(guò)程，同時(shí)又阻礙正常的代謝循環(huán)。這種“偽擬效應(yīng)”和“阻斷效應(yīng)”使含氟有機(jī)化合物具有特異的生物活性和生物體適應(yīng)性，含氟藥物的療效也比一般藥物強(qiáng)多倍。較有名的含氟藥物是美國(guó)輝瑞公司研發(fā)的降膽固醇藥物——立普妥，上市后便一躍成為銷售額破百億美元的藥品，目前已商品化和正在開(kāi)發(fā)的含氟藥物有近百種（圖1），每年上市的新藥中大約有20%都含有一個(gè)或多個(gè)氟原子。
圖1藥物中存在的含氟官能團(tuán)
氟也常被引入農(nóng)用化學(xué)品中，提高其性能。目前已開(kāi)發(fā)的含氟農(nóng)用化學(xué)品有伏草隆、氟樂(lè)靈、乙氧氟草醚等除草劑和氟蚜蝗、除蟲(chóng)脲、含氟擬除蟲(chóng)菊酯等殺蟲(chóng)劑。除此之外，含氟有機(jī)化合物還可用于材料領(lǐng)域。有著“塑料王”之稱的聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）是一種以四氟乙烯作為單體聚合而成的高分子聚合物，耐高低溫（-200 ~ +260℃）,除熔融的堿金屬外，PTFE幾乎不受其他化學(xué)試劑腐蝕。
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