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NEJM:我國發(fā)現(xiàn)新型人感染H7N9禽流感病毒

2013-4-18  閱讀(1698)

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關鍵詞: H7N9禽流感病毒 人感染

 

復旦大學和中國疾病預防控制中心專家聯(lián)手,在zui短時間內(nèi)確定了一種可導致人肺炎的新型重配的H7N9病毒。4月12日,*醫(yī)學期刊《新英格蘭醫(yī)學雜志》(NEJM)以“Human Infection with a Novel Avian-Origin Influenza A (H7N9) Virus”為題刊發(fā)了這一重大發(fā)現(xiàn)。

該論文的及時發(fā)表對我國乃至*科學家深入研究這種新病原特性,評價其對人類健康的威脅以及及時有效地制定出防控措施提供了可能,因而具有重大價值,這也是一篇臨床與預防等領域的學者聯(lián)手合作為中國及公共衛(wèi)生作出重要貢獻的論文。

2月底和3月初,上海市(復旦大學附屬)第五人民醫(yī)院呼吸科發(fā)現(xiàn)一例不明原因重癥肺炎患者。接到這一病例標本,復旦大學上海醫(yī)學院經(jīng)過病原學篩查,未檢出新型冠狀病毒、SARS冠狀病毒和人高致病性禽流感病毒(H5N1)。隨即又采用多種策略擴基因片段并進行序列分析。后根據(jù)獲得的核酸序列和反復的驗證,提示此病毒可能是一種以H7N9新型流感病毒為基因骨架,同時含有多種流感基因片段的重配毒株,研究取得突破性進展。3月22日向中國疾控中心送檢病例標本,實驗結果得到中國CDC的復核和確認。

3月29日,中國疾控中心從標本中分離到H7N9禽流感病毒。3月30日,國家衛(wèi)生計生委組織專家,zui終診斷為人感染H7N9禽流感確診病例,3月31日正式通報發(fā)現(xiàn)的新亞型流感病毒,既往僅在禽間發(fā)現(xiàn)。

對于新發(fā)現(xiàn)的禽流感病毒,該論文認為,新的重配病毒的流行潛力不能低估,還會在什么時間,什么地點以及如何出現(xiàn),仍沒有科學的證據(jù)和解釋。由于目前該病毒感染造成的高病死率,作者提出要加快針對新病毒疫苗和抗病毒藥物的研發(fā)。zui重要的是,由于流感病毒非常容易突變,因此要對該病毒的進化行為密切關注,尤其要嚴密監(jiān)測可能在人之間的傳播。

相關專家認為,這是科學上的重大發(fā)現(xiàn),顯示自然界會不斷有新病毒出現(xiàn),與病毒及傳染病的斗爭將是長期的任務。此次病毒的及早發(fā)現(xiàn),以科研實力證明我國自SARS以來應對新發(fā)突發(fā)傳染病能力有顯著提高。(生物谷Bioon.com)

 

Human Infection with a Novel Avian-Origin Influenza A (H7N9) Virus

Rongbao Gao,  Bin Cao,Yunwen Hu, Zijian Feng, Dayan Wang, Wanfu Hu, Jian Chen, Zhijun Jie, Haibo Qiu, Ke Xu, Xuewei Xu,Hongzhou Lu, Wenfei Zhu,Zhancheng Gao, Nijuan Xiang, Yinzhong Shen, Zebao He, Yong Gu, Zhiyong Zhang, Yi Yang, Xiang Zhao, Lei Zhou, Xiaodan Li, Shumei Zou, Ye Zhang, Xiyan Li, Lei Yang,Junfeng Guo, Jie Dong, Qun Li, Libo Dong, Yun Zhu, Tian Bai, Shiwen Wang, Pei Hao, Weizhong Yang, Yanping Zhang, Jun Han, Hongjie Yu, Dexin Li, George F. Gao,  Guizhen Wu,Yu Wang,  Zhenghong Yuan and Yuelong Shu.

Background:Infection of poultry with influenza A subtype H7 viruses occurs worldwide, but the introduction of this subtype to humans in Asia has not been observed previously. In March 2013, three urban residents of Shanghai or Anhui, China, presented with rapidly progressing lower respiratory tract infections and were found to be infected with a novel reassortant avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus.
Methods:We obtained and analyzed clinical, epidemiologic, and virologic data from these patients. Respiratory specimens were tested for influenza and other respiratory viruses by means of real-time reverse-transcriptase–polymerase-chain-reaction assays, viral culturing, and sequence analyses.
Results:A novel reassortant avian-origin influenza A (H7N9) virus was isolated from respiratory specimens obtained from all three patients and was identified as H7N9. Sequencing analyses revealed that all the genes from these three viruses were of avian origin, with six internal genes from avian influenza A (H9N2) viruses. Substitution Q226L (H3 numbering) at the 210-loop in the hemagglutinin (HA) gene was found in the A/Anhui/1/2013 and A/Shanghai/2/2013 virus but not in the A/Shanghai/1/2013 virus. A T160A mutation was identified at the 150-loop in the HA gene of all three viruses. A deletion of five amino acids in the neuraminidase (NA) stalk region was found in all three viruses. All three patients presented with fever, cough, and dyspnea. Two of the patients had a history of recent exposure to poultry. Chest radiography revealed diffuse opacities and consolidation. Complications included acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan failure. All three patients died.
Conclusions:Novel reassortant H7N9 viruses were associated with severe and fatal respiratory disease in three patients. (Funded by the National Basic Research Program of China and others

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